英語 英文法 時制 時制の一致

主節の時制に従属節の時制を合わせる事が基本。
He think the cat is cute.
He thought the cat was cute.

主節の時制が現在、現在完了、未来のとき、従属節は様々な時制となり、
時制を一致させる必要はありません。
She says that she lived in Japan.
She says that she has lived in Japan.
She will say that she lived in Japan.
She will say that she has lived in Japan.

主節の時制が過去のとき、時制の一致を適応させる必要がある。
主節が過去で、従属節が現在完了、過去である場合、
以下のように、従属節を過去完了に変化させます。
He said, "I have lived in Japan".　従属節が現在完了
He said that he have lived in Japan. ×
⇒ He said that he had lived in Japan. ○
He said, "I lived in Japan".　従属節が過去
He said that he lived in Japan. ×
⇒ He said that he had lived in Japan. ○

☞
時を表す副詞、副詞句、副詞節と、現在完了は一緒に使えない。

yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month,
two days ago, two months ago, two years ago
He has visited the park yesterday. ×
⇒ He visited the park yesterday. ○
When have you watched the movie? ×
⇒ When did you watch the movie? ○
When have you finished the work? ×
⇒ When did you finish the work? ○

☞
時を表す副詞節が従属節である場合、主節に現在完了は使えない。

I have been studying English when he arrived. ×
⇒ I had been studying English when he arrived. ○
We have already finished our dinner when he came home. ×
⇒ We had already finished our dinner when he came home. ○

☞
時を表す副詞節では、未来のことでも現在形を使う。

When you will arrive at the airport, I will still be working in my office. ×
⇒ When you arrive at the airport, I will still be working in my office. ○
Before we will leave, we are going to hold a telephone conference. ×
⇒ Before we leave, we are going to hold a telephone conference. ○

☞
条件表す副詞節では、未来のことでも現在形を使う。

If it will rains tomorrow, I'll stay at home. ×
⇒ If it rains tomorrow, I'll stay at home. ○